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Braz. dent. j ; 22(4): 312-316, 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-595662

ABSTRACT

In view of the morbidity potential of oral complications in patients with leukemia, this study evaluated the clinical and microbiological alterations that occur in the oral mucosa of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy and prophylactic administration of 0.12 percent chlorhexidine gluconate. The sample consisted of 17 children aged 2 to 12 years that underwent clinical examination of the oral mucosa for the detection of oral lesions. In addition, biological material was collected from labial and buccal mucosa for microbiological analysis. Oral mucositis was observed in only 5 (29.4 percent) patients. Microbiological analysis revealed a reduced number of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (47 percent), Candida albicans (35.3 percent), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.9 percent), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (5.9 percent), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (5.9 percent). Patients with oral mucositis showed a higher frequency of coagulase-negative staphylococci (80 percent) when compared with patients with normal oral mucosa (33.3 percent). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the prophylactic use of 0.12 percent chlorhexidine gluconate reduces the frequency of oral mucositis and oral pathogens in children with ALL. In addition, the present findings suggest a possible relationship between coagulase-negative staphylococci and the development of oral mucositis.


Tendo em vista o potencial de morbidade das complicações orais em pacientes com leucemia, este estudo avaliou as alterações clínicas e microbiológicas que ocorrem na mucosa bucal de crianças com leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA), submetidas à quimioterapia antineoplásica e administração profilática do gluconato de clorexidina 0,12 por cento. A amostra foi constituída de 17 crianças de 2 a 12 anos, as quais foram submetidas a exame clínico da mucosa oral para a detecção de lesões bucais. Além disso, foi coletado material biológico das mucosas labial e jugal para análises microbiológicas. A mucosite oral foi observada em apenas 5 (29,4 por cento) pacientes. A análise microbiológica revelou a presença de um número reduzido de microorganismos potencialmente patogênicos, como estafilococos coagulase-negativos (47 por cento), Candida albicans (35,3 por cento), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5,9 por cento), Escherichia coli enteropatogênica (5,9 por cento) e Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (5,9 por cento). Pacientes com mucosite oral apresentaram uma maior freqüência de estafilococos coagulase-negativos (80 por cento) quando comparados aos pacientes que exibiam mucosa oral normal (33,3 por cento). Em conclusão, os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que o uso profilático do gluconato de clorexidina 0,12 por cento reduz a freqüência de mucosite oral e de patógenos orais em crianças com LLA. Além disso, os presentes achados sugerem uma possível relação entre estafilococos coagulase-negativos e o desenvolvimento de mucosite oral.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use , Bacteria/classification , Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use , Mouthwashes/therapeutic use , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/complications , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Candida albicans/drug effects , Candidiasis, Oral/prevention & control , Escherichia coli Infections/prevention & control , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Gingivitis/microbiology , Gingivitis/prevention & control , Glossitis/microbiology , Glossitis/prevention & control , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Klebsiella Infections/prevention & control , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/prevention & control , Staphylococcus/drug effects , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/drug effects , Stomatitis/microbiology
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